India Student

With his better economic situation, the Indian Families are using to pay for this international opportunity of education. The propose of this survey it is to check where's now the most popular destiny for the Indians Students. A few years ago used to be Australia, But now The Indians are choosing other Destinies. India Aspects Republic of India is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-lorgnette's by area, the second-most populous country with over 1. Billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the out-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sir Lankan and the Maldives; in addition, Indian's Madman and Nicolai Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization mos tly in present day Pakistan and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four religions-?Hinduism, Buddhism, Jansenism, and Schism-?originated here, whereas Judaism, Zoroastrian, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture.Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 1 8th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-1 9th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi. The Indian economy is the world's tenth- largest by nominal GAP and third-largest by purchasing power parity . Following market-based economic reforms in 1 991 India became one of the fastest-growing major economies; it is considered a newly industria lized country.However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, inadequate public healthcare, and terrorism. A nuclear weapons state and a regional power, it has the third- largest standing army in the world and ranks ninth in military expenditure among nations. India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary systematizing of 29 states and 7 union territories. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and a multi-ethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.Economic facts related with the grow number of Students Be it the US, 1-K, Australia or New Zealand, the number of Indian students going to study overseas has risen tremendously. According to Ministry of Overseas Affairs, demand for overseas higher education is increasing with over 2. 64 lack Indian students, who have gone abroad for studies, spending approximately about RSI 27,000 core (55. 5 billion) every year. With the Indi an economy growing at 7 percent annually, jobs are being created in India and he middle class is growing.Inevitably, this is leading to an increased level of prosperity, thereby increasing the affordability of an expensive overseas education, and dramatically increasing the career aspirations of a growing number of Indians. This coupled with a weakened US dollar, Australian dollar and UK sterling pound is driving a growth in the overseas education market. According to Ministry of Overseas Affairs, out of 264,324 students gone abroad, maximum of 104,522 are in the US followed by over 97,035 in Australia, 25,905 in the UK and over 6,040 in New Zealand. International Student EnrolmentsUnited Kingdom, Canada, United States, Australia and New Zealand; This countries have the half of the world international education's consumption. With the follow analysis we are going to see the current trends into three of those countries revising important data from the last reported five years, defini ng which nation is the main overseas education's consumer and finally show the particular case of Australia and its trends. The graphic is about the quantity of rolled students that came to Australia, Canada And New Zealand from 2008 to 2012 per year.Table 1 Graphic 1 The data shows that Australia still has the major number of students impairing with the Key competitors. The Mean number of overseas students enrolled in this 3 countries shows that Australia Still have the major quantity of students. Table 2 MEAN: Australia 573,6 Canada 21 New Zealand 95,9 2. – Main Nationalities Enrolled and the insane Students destiny Being into the details we can see where the students came from. And its is going to be more easy to understand the grow or the degree of the number of Indian students.Table 3 2008 2009 2010 201 1 2012 Country % OF Total China 23. 4 24. 5 27. 1 28. 6 29 did 62 3. 1 India 10. 5 Korea 6. 5 5. 7 5. 4 Thailand 4. 1 4. 2 Vietnam 4. 4. 4 Malaysia 3. 9 Nepal 4 India 5. 5 hind 6. 1 :hind China 30. 4 15. 4 13. 2 113 India 9. 9 10. 9 USA 6. 6 5. 6 8 9. 1 7. 2 France 4. 8 4. 9 Arabia 4. 5 5. 3 5 4. 6 23. 1 22 23. 7 26. 3 19 16. 6 12. 6 12. 2 Japan 11. 8 10. 1 11. 7 12. 5 10. 7 Europe 9. 7 9. 5 9. 8 SEAN 10. 3 8. 5 9 9. 6 9. 4 Graphic 2 Graphic 3 Graphic 4 As we can see, Australia has been lost the umber of Indian Students.Canada Shows that the country has the biggest growing the percentage of Indian Students, and New Zealand has been growing in a slow ways as also. â€Å"According to Fuller, the percentage of Indian students enrolling in New Zealand institutes has increased nearly 300 % in the last six years. In 1 998, only 150 Indian students enrolled. This figure rose to 2159 in 2002, and 7,263 new enrolments in 2008 and 9521 in 2009 . Nearest Galatia, CEO of oceanic Consultants, opines that Kiwi land offers the best and affordable education under the safest environment and an easy permanent residency.This is driving the growth of higher education in New Zealand from overseas students. The soaring numbers suggest that the economic downturn has not affected everyone. Says Nearest Galatia, â€Å"Both Australia and New Zealand offer safe learning environment with excellent study opportunities and support services for international students. Academic institutions in both the countries are world class and recognized globally. New Zealand enjoys a 20 per cent cost advantage over Australia which can make a huge difference in these tough times. Why the Indian Students are deciding for other countries? Despite the last facts that occurred in Australia, some Indian Students are choosing for other destinies. In the article from BBC News we can see that in Australia has been occurring a lot of racism acts against South Asian people. And the principal complain its because the students affirm that the Australia government do not punish racism acts how it suppose to do. â€Å"Indian students are going through a rough time at the moment.I witnessed the Harris Park episode [the scene of one attack]. The student was ready to give a statement, but the police didn't record it as he had failed to get the registration number of the attackers' car. Police are patrolling Harris Park and helicopters are also being used. Many people comment that it is waste of taxpayers' money. But they do not understand that these students pay hefty fees and taxes, more so than the whinnying locals. Victorian police says that the Indians attract attackers by flaunting their pods and laptops.But every second person has pods and laptops, so why do these attacks happen only to Indian people? Education is the third largest export of Australia. If the government cannot ensure the safety of the students who pay the fees, then they should give up the education trade† Paul Parkas, a manager in the telecoms industry, decided to return to India after feeling he was bullied by his Australian colleagues. † Before going to Australia lived and worked in Saudi Arabia, Holland and all major cities of India, but got the worst work place experience from Australia.My employer and management were very supportive but my colleagues hated me and bullied me. They created an unbearable environment just because got the highest I don't think it's a race problem. If it was, people from Africa and the Middle East would be affected too. The root cause of all this is the sudden rise Of the number Of Indian people in all levels Of society. Middle-aged Australians are worried about losing their jobs to young and educated immigrants from India. The government should be tough on people who spread hatred and violence in the society.Australians have to understand that their country is a home to many nationalities and their economy is doing well with the support of immigrants. Conclusion Australia is the best choose for a lot of students because of many facts: The whether, the language, the possibility to work legally the beautiful views and the life style. Casually is a important fact that brings a lot of money to the country and also brig people that work in some kinds of jobs that they do not have people interested and people enough to work on it. But Despite for Of this recently facts, Indians now are choosing other destinies.No one person will spend money in a place that maybe they can be offended just because of the color of the skin or the religion choose. The government should start to punish severally, that people that do not know how to lead in society . Shout to start to control who is working and what kind of conditions. Then Australia could be again the better destiny for people that want to study in other country, want to improve the language or want to leave new presences.

Arguments Against The Flu Vaccine

Every fall season we hear the question; did you get your flu shot yet? It is supposed to protect you from that nasty flu virus that circulates our communities during the fall and winter months. But, did you know that in 2011 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Adverse Event Reporting Systems Website (AERS) reported 51 deaths caused by the flu vaccine in the United States (U. S. ) (CDC,2012).According to National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), as of July 2012 there have been more than 84,000 reports of adverse reactions, 1000 vaccine related deaths and over 1600 cases of Guillain- Barre syndrome, a acute form of paralysis, triggered by the vaccine (NVIC. ORG). A problem exists in the fact that according to the ( NVIC) fewer than 1% of all adverse vaccine reactions are ever reported, this fact is substantiated by the problem of â€Å"underreporting† vaccine injuries according to the joint operated site by the CDC and Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) (VAERS, 2011).Resear ch claims that receiving the flu vaccine exposes people to a number of dangerous chemicals that have been known to cause multiple side effects, disease conditions, and deaths. The U. S. Government’s public health agency, the CDC, pledges â€Å"to base all public health decisions on the highest quality scientific data openly and objectively derived† (Doshi, 2013, Marketing vaccines, Para 1). Peter Doshi, a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University School of medicine, argues that in the case of influenza vaccines and their marketing this is not the case.He believes that the vaccine might be less beneficial and less safe than has been claimed and the threat of influenza appears overstated. Doshi goes on to further question the CDC’s recommendation that the influenza vaccine can only do good, pointing to serious reactions to influenza vaccines in Australia, Finland and Sweden. (British Medical Journal, 2013) Every year scientists travel to Asia and have to gue ss which specific viruses are active and circulating that season and have to chose 3 strains of flu out of the 300+ known documented strains of influenza (flu) viruses.These 3 viruses are then attenuated or weakened and added to the mix of a number of other ingredients, which we will review, to make a flu vaccine. The ingredients listed in influenza vaccines are available in the inserts provided by the vaccine manufacturers and also posted on the CDC’s vaccine Pinkbook website. A few of the ingredients include Thimerosol, 2 Phenoxyethanol, Aluminum, Beta Propiolactone, Ammonium Sulfate, Formaldehyde, Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), Gentamycin Sulfate, Polymixin B and more. The ingredient Thimerosol is used as a preservative in the vaccine.It is 49. 6% mercury by weight and is a powerful neurotoxin. It has been implicated in many heath conditions such as cardiovascular collapse, autism, seizures, mental retardation, hyperactivity, dyslexia and many other central nervous system (CN S) disorders. ( CDC, Pinkbook). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) says it best: â€Å"Mercury in all of its forms is toxic to the fetus and children and efforts should be made to reduce exposure to the extent possible to pregnant women and children as well as the general population† (AAP.Pediatrics- para 8, 2001). 2 Phenoxyethanol is an anti bacterial agent being used as a replacement for the preservative Thimerosal. This industrial ingredient is used in perfumes, insect repellents, antiseptics, germicides and dyes. According to the Material safety data sheet( MSDS) 2 Phenoxyethanol is harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed thru the skin. It may cause reproductive defects. EPA data sheets show chromosomal changes and genetic mutation effects in testing (Dunkin, 2008). Aluminum is added to vaccines in many forms.It works as an adjuvant to stimulate your immune system’s response to the virus in the vaccine. Aluminum has been found to be a dangerous neurotoxin t hat has the ability to slip past the blood brain barrier (BBB) causing brain damage, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s Disease (ALS), convulsions and coma. Human and animal studies have shown that Aluminum can cause nerve death (Mercola, 2011) Beta Propiolactone is an ingredient to assist with sterilizing the vaccine. It ranks high as a hazardous chemical on at least 5 federal regulatory lists.It has caused lymphomas and hepatomas after being injected into lab mice but its true effects on humans is not known. Due to animal study results the international Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified beta-Propiolactone as a possible carcinogen. MSDS sheet states toxic to liver and kidneys (Spectrum Laboratory Products). Ammonium Sulfate is a substance added to pesticides. It is unknown at this time as a carcinogen but it’s been suspected in gastrointestinal, liver, central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory system tox icity.On its MSDS sheet all hazards identification on carcinogen, mutatagenic (cellular mutations), teratogenic (fetal development) and developmental toxicity are listed as â€Å"not available†. (ScienceLab, MSDS) Formaldehyde is used as a preservative to stabilize the vaccine. It is used as a chemical to embalm dead bodies and preserve laboratory specimens. It has been classified as a known human carcinogen (cancer causing substance) and has been ranked as one of the most hazardous compounds on at least 8 federal regulatory lists.Formaldehyde is suspected of weakening the immune system and causing neurological system damage, genetic damage, metabolic acidosis, circulatory shock, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure (ARF) (Kendon, MSDS. 2004). Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is used in vaccines as a stabilizer to prevent the vaccine from breaking down. MSG is also found in processed foods. MSG has been linked to mental retardation, autistic disorders, learning disorders, b ehavioral disorders, reproductive disorders, retinal damage and lesions on the brains of lab animals (Hoernlein,2012).Gentamycin Sulfate is an antibiotic added to protect the vaccine from bacteria during storage. Gentamycin sulfate has been linked to deafness, nervous system disorders, and kidney damage (Sciencelab. MSDS). Polymixin B, an antibiotic that is added to protect the vaccine from gram negative bacteria during storage, has side effects that include: targeting the central nervous system (neurotoxic) and causing kidney failure from acute tubular necrosis (Luther,2013).Any one of the above ingredients can have negative effects on the human body especially the very young , very old, pregnant, and the immunocompromised population. But the effects of all of these ingredients in one vaccine, that’s certainly toxic and at times can be lethal. A normal response to an influenza vaccine is localized redness, soreness, fatigue, mild fever, malaise for 1-3 days following a flu s hot. Consider these adverse reactions listed by MClawers, a vaccine injury law firm.Death Encephalopathy Brachial Neuritis Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Thromboctyopenic Purpura Multiple Sclerosis Transverse Myelitis Reflective Sympathetic Disorder Autoimmune Hepatitis Trigeminal Neuralgia Connective Tissue Disorders Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) Anaphylaxis Encephalitis Seizures Arthritis Intussusception Guillain-Barre syndrome Complex Regional Pain syndrome Tourettes syndrome Lupus Wegener’s Granulomatosis Kawasaki Disease (Mctlawyers, vaccine injury)The numbers of injuries resulting from the these vaccines were so undeniable that in October, 1988 Congress created the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, creating the National Vaccine Compensation Program(VICP). The VICP is a no fault alternative to the traditional tort system for resolving vaccine injury claims and provides compensation to people found to be injured by certain vaccines (all Influenza vaccines are cove red). Every vaccine is taxed and the monies go into a compensation fund that is managed by US Court of Federal Claim, complete with vaccine courts, vaccine judges and attorneys who specialize in vaccine cases only. Monies are awarded to patients/families who have suffered from vaccine related injuries or deaths.In 2011, 200 million dollars were paid out in compensation for vaccine injuries. In 2012, there was 300 billion dollars available in the vaccine injury compensation trust fund. Overwhelming evidence of the numbers of people hurt by the toxic ingredients in the influenza vaccines and the incidence of adverse reactions, permanent injuries and deaths due to the toxic ingredients in the influenza vaccines continue to climb. Research has well documented these injuries and exposed the cause and effect of hazardous chemicals on our human population. A little knowledge can be frightening, meanwhile a lack of knowledge can be lethal. Be informed.

Most Effective Communication Interpersonal Communication Essay

Most Effective Communication Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example In this paper we are going to discuss effective interpersonal communication and how it helps in developing effective communication in our lives. We are also going to study roles of self-disclosure, non-verbal communication and listening in building effective interpersonal communication. For this purpose we will be considering three aspects of interpersonal communication and how these branches of communication are connected to have an effective communication. What is interpersonal communication? McCornack (2012) defines interpersonal communication as a dynamic form of communication between two (or more) people in which the messages exchanged significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships. It is a process of give and take and is extremely impactful. Communication is multi-dimensional. Various aspects such as nonverbal communication, self-disclosure, and listening impact interpersonal communication great deal. To understand correlation of these key concepts, we have to understand definitions of these concepts. Self-disclosure –Revealing private information about yourself to others is known as self-disclosure (McCornack, 2012). How much information you are willing to share about yourself plays a pivotal role in building relationships with people. We are not very comfortable about sharing our personal experiences and life events with anyone as we fear that it could alter the image I have created in the mind of the listener. However it is also observed that in interpersonal communication, effective self-disclosure along with implicit trust has often helped strengthening relationships and mutual understanding. Wood (2007) states that one way to get information about yourself is through self-disclosure, which is revealing information about ourselves that others are unlikely to discover on their own. Self-disclosure is an important way to learn about ourselves. Wood suggests that as we reveal our hopes, fears, dreams, and feelings, we get responses from others that give us new perspectives on who we are. In addition, we gain insight into ourselves by seeing how we interact with others in new situations. Nonverbal communication – communication that happens without saying a word written or oral is nonverbal communication (McCornack, 2012). We say so many things with the help of gestures, eyes and body language. As nonverbal cues keep giving away what is going on in our minds, it is often said that we c annot communicate. Hence we do not believe only on words said in communication, and it becomes imperative that it is accompanied by appropriate body language. Knapp and Daly (2002) state that interpersonal communication scholars have probably always recognized the vital contributions of proxemics, kinesic, olfactory, vocal, and verbal signs to the understanding of interpersonal communication, but the early emphasis was clearly on verbal behaviour. As the number of scholars studying non-verbal behaviour increased, it gradually became a separate area of study. Moreover, Knapp and Daly (2002) report that the study of verbal behaviour and non-verbal behaviour appeared, for practical purposes, to be independent of one another. Listening – listening is not hearing words. It is hearing words, understanding their context, processing them and reacting or offering

Rethinking Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rethinking Construction - Essay Example As a result of our research, the conclusion we have reached, with some notable exceptions, is that there was merit in John Regan's task force findings and that, in general, it has improved the performance of the construction industry. However, we have also concluded that in certain areas of the industry in general, and despite the incentives and organizations set up2, the implementation of the proposal is taking longer than had been envisaged. The main thrust of the "Rethinking Construction" report was for the partnering approach to form the central focus of construction projects. Such a system has been successfully implemented in many other industries as part of an integrated supply chain procedure. The report went on to suggest that if the construction industry executed the initiatives recommended, there could be anticipated significant annual improvements and savings in a number of key industry areas. These included: - The intention was to show the industry a way forward and help it to revitalize and refocus itself after a period of stagnation and poor productivity and profitability. It was also seen as a foundation stone in the rebuilding of the industry's less than perfect reputation, resulting from its propensity to deliver projects late, over-budget and not to the highest quality. In 1998 the report suggested to the industry guidelines in respect of the timescale for change, warning of the possible repercussions if the need for such change was not taken on board and treated seriously. In an effort to show the way and prove to the industry in general the value that the "Rethinking Construction", the task force called upon the government and construction industry leaders to put together a number of demonstration development projects, which would act as models for evaluation purposes. It asked for 500 millions worth of such projects. In the event, some 6 billion's worth were forthcoming. Positive Results There have been some notable successes where the task force recommendations have been fully implemented. The following, (figure 1) shows how the joint government / industry pilot schemes fared in the year 2001. It can be clearly seen from this table the results on a number of the KPI's3 set down by the task force have exceeded expectations. The most notable of these have been in safety, design time predictability and defects, which the original report had suggested should be targeted for 20% per annum improvement. There have also been some notable successes in partnering within the private sector. L.T. Deeprose Ltd, based in Guildford in Surrey, is a case in point. This company has embraced both the spirit and the physical aspect of "Rethinking Construction". The company concentrate on two aspects of the industry, development and contracting. On the development side they have built up working relationships with property advisor and estate agents, contracting Clients, specialized sub-contractors and consultants, including architects. By building a long term relationship with all of these organizations and involving them at all stages of a project, the company is able to meet, and continues to meet, the majority of the benefits that the report suggested would be

A Telemedicine opportunity or a distraction Case Study

A Telemedicine opportunity or a distraction - Case Study Example Additionally, the problems encountered in its processes and operation will be highlighted using porters value chain mode. The study paper concludes by revealing that a telemedicine is an opportunity not a distraction (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). Case Synopsis Telemedicine is the application of medical information communicated from one location to another through electronic communications to enhance a patient’s medical health condition. Telemedicine comprises a growing diversity of services and applications using smart phones, two-way video, wireless tools, email and other kinds of telecommunications techniques. After definition, the case paper seeks to assess whether this application is an opportunity or a distraction. The empirical case study (Falmouth Hospital) enjoys honors for their exemplary TeleStroke services thus confirming benefits of the telemedicine (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). ... Porter’s firm-based value chain model is crucial in the assessing the case paper objective. Assessment involves of identifying a clinically identifiable issues or symptom that can be tested or possibly treated using telemedicine technology. Clinical conditions responsive to telemedicine consist of ailments where data about them, relevant images and a Live Video telemedicine meeting with a doctor provides a feasible and applicable solution that includes an appropriate treatment plan or alternatively meets the medical requirement for on-going management of a non-acute illness (Bulik, 2008). The practice has its challenges thus the questioning whether it is a distraction or an opportunity. It is necessary to assess this during the case study to acknowledge the case objective. Strategy Analysis Telemedicine is not an isolated medical specialty. Services and products associated with telemedicine are frequently part of a larger venture by health care organizations in either the deli very of clinical care or information technology. As such, document telemedicine meetings in the same manner as a patient office visit – through medical records (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). The medical record standard in most clinics is the traditional paper record. Many clinics do not have an electronic medical record system. Introduction or usage of telemedicine is an opportunity for healthcare institutions to enhance their electronic system to enjoy the benefits associated with telemedicine. As evident in Shawn Farrell case, telemedicine is essential in dealing with critical cases that need minimal or no time wastage (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). It is upon clinics not currently using an electronic record need to reflect how they to monitor and maintain the new electronic records created by

Corporate social responsibilty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate social responsibilty - Assignment Example The program towards social responsibility would include higher job creation and greater products through market action (Steiner, 2009, Chapter 5). The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, for instance, is built to source the fortune of Microsoft towards improving education and helping poor people suffering from neglected diseases (Steiner, chapter 6).Likewise, Ski-in Inc. has plans of having an annual donation scheme for two orphanages in one of the developing countries of Africa. The social costs or the negative externalities on the society are to be minimized through environmental friendly products. A new section of apparels would be launched that would be bio-degradable. Moreover, ways to recompense the pollution and harm inflicted by the production process are in progress. For every bio-degradable apparel sold, Ski-in will plant one tree. Since, our products have a considerably good market; this program is going to benefit our organization and also the environment. However, the mai n function of the corporate is not social charity but profitability. Nevertheless, involving in controversies like that of Nike with respect to its labor practices and social duties and General Electric Company under CEO Jack Welch need to be avoided (Steiner, 2009, chapter 6). Hence, the idea is to make innovations and create profits through environmental protection and social enhancement. Greater production would create jobs in the society and help reduce unemployment. It would also generate higher corporate taxes that would benefit the society. Pumping in more products would serve the consumers and give them greater satisfaction. Thus, the utility of the consumers would increase. Also planting trees would help in the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and hence help to curb global warming. However, these programs would take time to materialize and incur costs both in

Integrate Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM) Essay

Integrate Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM) - Essay Example At sea, the acquisitiveness of the ocean itself accumulated with authoritative complexities and the about abridgement of acreage curve aftermath their own difficulties. In addition, coastal areas must address the issues, if the land meets the sea, such as erosion, flooding and pollution from agricultural runoff and the problems of access, including control platforms, operating the main means of transport between land and sea. An integral part of the challenge for coastal communities is that the resources are dependent on their social, cultural and economic well-being, fish and minerals in the coastal areas of countries and beaches, to apply a combination of jurisdictions, municipal, provincial and federal government and First Nations. Significant results of these learning experiences are more positive integration experience with other user group-based community resources, First Nations in the commercial fishery in the wake of the Marshall of the Supreme Court Decision. The other is a natural evolution away from the same sector management approaches for ICOM. Local communities must cope with all those in the use of local resources with municipalities on land based on land use with provincial governments for coastal activities, based on land, such as aquaculture, with the federal government on uses of the ocean fisheries to mining to shipping. All companies are faced with this multiplicity of jurisdictions and must also cope with First Nations otherwise again with different governments, based on realities treaty or lack thereof. There are two main peaks and this First implementation, it is important for communities and governments are able to monitor and evaluate the state of the relevant coastal States and marine systems, including biophysical and human dimension of how each of these change over time and their overall strength and flexibility. Secondly, the participation of coastal communities of ICOM, and the use of participatory approaches to management and co mmunity-based management, highlights the need to understand the process of the effectiveness and acceptance, a need to carry out a performance review "to assess the degree of ICOM that works in practice to a community or local level (or even usually). Monitoring of coastal and ocean: The first way of monitoring and evaluation based on results of ICOM, develop and use indicators to track current and relevant over time (a) "State of the World" in the oceans, coastal areas and coastal communities, and (b) progress towards the main objectives of ICOM, to facilitate the sustainable development of marine and coastal areas. Each of these aspects can be fabricated from a "macro" angle of a nation or region, but as well a bounded association that cannot be ignored (Boyd and Charles, 2006). The first class of indicators observed, "state of the world" distance indicators of biomass of fish in the sea and the extent of their geographic distribution, sea level based gross domestic profit (GDP) a nd export levels fisheries, measures the distribution of marine wealth and prosperity for coastal communities. Attended each of these indicators requires constant attention to data management and statistical systems, which can be a challenge at the local level. In fact, to support governance participatory democracy, we must (a) ICOM efforts to be attentive to strengthen and exploit the information on coastal

Tour Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tour Operations Management - Essay Example The most important aspects of a holiday usually coordinated by a tour operator include the type of travel, transfers, excursions, facilities among other services. One easiest way to distinguish tour operators from other practitioners like travel agents is by establishing their form and features. A tour operator will, for this reason, bring together various subsets of tourism experience and offer it as a package. A package offered by tour operators is usually referred to inclusive tour. Inclusive tour mostly includes at least two elements often offered at an inclusive sale price and will encompass a stay of move for more than twenty-four hours in overnight accommodation. These elements range from transportation, foods, accommodation to other tourist services. The kind and variety of packages in a given market is mostly categorized into two categories, that is, those that use the traditional charter flight and those using booked flights. Booked flights are mainly used when it is consid ered uneconomic for tour operator to purchase charter flights. The types of package in a tour operators industry is also often categorized according to a mode of travel or mode of accommodation (Chauhan, 2009). In the case of mode of travel, the package involves issues like coach holiday or ferry. Mode of travel can also be based on ion twin transport packages like fly-drive, which are mostly popular with inbound tourist in the United States of America (Negi, 2006). Segmentation by mode of accommodation on the other hand is where hotels chains assumes the role of tour operators by packaging their excess capacity to offer weekends or short breaks in business attractions as in the case of inclusive package. An inclusive tour can also be segmented according to whether they are domestic or international, according to the length of the holiday, distance and destination type (Gupta, 2012).

Animal Cruelty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animal Cruelty - Research Paper Example The given work will discuss the main forms of animal cruelty and provide the recommendations on how to struggle with the problem. Animal entertainment is one of the many forms of animal cruelty that often goes unnoticed. Animals are used in zoos, circus, bull riding and bull fights. Most of these animals are taken from their homes and forced to live in much small replicas of their natural habitats. These animals do not like being confined, which often results in aggressive behaviors, they are usually accused of. Many animals are killed, because they are considered dangerous for people. Nobody thinks about the real causes of this aggression. Animal experimentation is also a form of animal cruelty. In 1938, the food, drug and cosmetics act was passed requiring animal testing of certain drugs and chemicals to make sure they were safe for humans. Millions of mice, rats, cats, dogs, monkeys and many other animals are waiting to be experimented on right now. 90% of them are rats and mice (Mice and Rats in Laboratories). It is well-know that mice and rats are very similar to humans psychologically, they can have different feelings like humans, but it is not taken into account when choosing animals for experiments. It is well-know that mice and rats are very similar to humans psychologically, they can have different feelings like humans, but it is not taken into account when choosing animals for experiments. â€Å"Mice and rats are mammals with nervous systems similar to our own. It’s no secret that they feel pain, fear, loneliness, and joy just as we do. These highly social animals communicate with each other using hi gh-frequency sounds that are inaudible to the human ear† (Mice and Rats in Laboratories). Most of these animals used for experimentation live in cold, barren cages before the initial experiment takes place. More than one millions animals are used in labs per year in the U.S. Most animals are poisoned,

Critically examine how effective the Single European Act has been in Essay

Critically examine how effective the Single European Act has been in creating a European Internal Market - Essay Example Through a historical overview of the treaties upon which the EU is founded, followed by a discursive analysis of the enlargement process, the creation of joint borders through the Schengen Agreement, and the formulation of a monetary regime whose outcome was he implementation of a single EU monetary unit, the research shall demonstrate that while the SEA contributed to both the deepening and the fortification of the integrative process, it is hardly single-handedly, or even primarily, responsible for the evolution of the EU of 2005. The European Union is a unique example of political economic integration. Even though Paul and De Burca date the creation of the EU to the birth of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, others have contended this to be erroneous, insisting that the evolutionary process spanned five decades. This argument is forwarded by Molle (2001) and expressed in his contention that evolved from a limited common market with only six member states to a regional political and economic bloc, comprising twenty-five nations, in the span of five decades, the European Union provides political economists and legal scholars with a unique insight into the legal strategies and frameworks requisite for the realization of such an ambitious project. The European Union project, as noted by Molle (2001), was predicated on the assumption that regional political and economic unification could restore European global economic and political power and with this assumption functioning as a prime motivator, legislature and tr eaties among towards the realization of the stated goal, entered the formulation stage I 1948 and the implementation stage in 1952 (Molle, 2001). 1952 witnessed the passage and implementation of the EU’s founding treaty, the Treaty of Paris. At this stage, the European integration process was confined to the creation of the

Registered nurse Essay Example for Free

Registered nurse Essay The field of nursing has been well-known since the beginning of civilization. People everywhere are familiar with this field because people have always and will continue to experience illness, pain, suffering and death. The purpose of this report is to provide readers with detailed information about the field of nursing including its history, occupation description, education requirements, employment opportunities, job outlook, job availability and salary. The first roots to the modern nursing can be traced back to Florence Nightingale (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),6). She has inspired numerous people around the world and was considered a heroine in her time. Nightingale was highly educated and would travel through Europe looking at hospitals trying to educate the staff on better patient care and hygiene. She then served as a nurse for the British government tending to ill and injured soldiers during the Crimean War. Nightingale started the first modern, formal nursing school in 1860, naming it the Nightingale School, after herself. Nightingale is said to have created the healthcare model that we follow today, which treats the patient as an individual instead of a disease. (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),6). This paved the way for other nurses to step up and make nursing a better field to work in. In the United States, Clara Barton cared for soldiers in the Civil War that were fighting for both the North and the South. Clara Barton later developed the American Red Cross. (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),7). Developments such as these lead to the first nursing school in the US opening. It was opened by the Bellevue Hospital in New York. (Career As a Registered Nurse (RN),7). This helped girls across the country gain insight into the field of nursing which in turn created new schools and new opportunities for people to join the field. A registered nurse takes care of sick and injured people. They are concerned with the â€Å"Whole Person† rather than the disease an individual may have. Registered nurses help with the emotional, physical and mental needs of the patient they are caring for (Registered Nurse (RN)). In the hospital registered nurse’s work under what they call a head nurse. According to the Registered Nurse (RN) web site, â€Å"Registered nurses usually work eight hours a day, forty hours a week, rotating shifts, holidays and weekends. † Registered nurses perform a variety of different jobs. They observe the patient and record the observations they see, they consult with the physicians and others healthcare clinicians with their observations, and they maintain and disconnect intravenous lines for fluid, give medication, blood, and blood products. United States). RN’s help with the plan of care for their patients; the plan may include their activities of daily living, checking the dosages given to the patient, and administering medication (United States). An RN also helps explain to family members how to take care of their family member after they return home. They may explain their diet plan, nutrition, care needs, and the exercise needed (United States). The RN teaches the patient’s family, along with the patient, how to take care of their injuries or illness (United States). These are only a few things that a registered nurse may do on a daily basis as their jobs are crucial for the recovery of sick and injured individuals. They are different educational paths that a registered nurse can choose from. They can get their bachelor’s degree, an associate degree, or a diploma from an approved nursing program (United States). Many registered nurses choose to complete either a two year program with an associate degree or a four year program with a bachelor’s degree. After they have successfully completed the nursing program, then they must take a national examination in order to obtain a nursing license to practice (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 23). They are also advanced practice nurses such as a nurse midwife, nurse practitioner, nurse anesthetist or nurse specialist. Advanced practice nurses need a master’s degree in order to practice (United States). Degrees There are three different educational paths to becoming a registered nurse. They can choose to obtain a bachelor’s degree (BSN), an associate degree (ADN), or a diploma (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 22). Bachelor’s degree programs are offered by universities and take an average of four year to complete the program. Associate degree program is offered by community colleges and take about two to three years to complete the program. Diploma programs are completed in the hospital, and they last about three years (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 22). After the student graduates from one of the three types of programs, and they complete their licensing examination, they can qualify for the entry-level positions as a staff nurse (United States). Several nurses that have taken the associate program will return to school to obtain a bachelors degree program; they call this an RN-to BSN program (United States). People who have a bachelor’s degree program can return to school to obtain an accelerated master’s degree in nursing (MSN). After completion of the ADN program to receive the BSN and MSN it takes three to four years to complete as a full time student to receive an award for both (United States). The bachelor’s degree program takes about twelve to eighteen months to earn the degree after completion of the associate degree program. For someone who holds a bachelor’s degree who decides to obtain an MSN, it takes an additional two years to receive their master’s degree (United States). When taking classes at college for the associate degree program, the programs includes courses such as anatomy, physiology, sociology, microbiology, chemistry, psychology, and nursing classes. For associate degree programs liberal arts is also a part of their coursework (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 23). Students must participate in supervised clinical experiences. These clinical rotations can be done in hospital departments such as maternity, psychiatry, pediatrics, and surgery (United States). Several other health care facilities that offer clinical experience include public health departments, home health agencies, nursing care facilities, and ambulatory clinics. Advantages and Disadvantages When deciding what degree should be obtained, students must consider everything before choosing what program is right for them (United States). If someone has chosen to take an associates program with a two year community college, they could be limited for advancement opportunities (United States). When someone takes a bachelor’s degree or higher with a four year university, they receive more training in areas such as communication, leadership and critical thinking and will have a better opportunity to obtain a higher position than someone with a associates degree (United States). People who obtain a bachelor’s degree have more clinical experience in nonhospital settings (United States). Bachelor’s degrees are often needed for teaching, consulting, and research positions (United States). Licenses In the United States, students are required to graduate from an approved nursing program before they are allowed to practice nursing. Students are required to take and pass the national licensing examination known as the National Council Licensure Examination or NCLEX-RN (United States). After successfully passing the NCLEX-RN exam students will obtain their nursing license. Other Qualifications Nurses are people who should love caring for others when they are sick and ill. They should be responsible and sympathetic for all patients. They need to be able to give people direction and supervise other co-workers who are under them. Nurses should be emotionally stable to be able cope with people who are suffering, dying, and emergency situations (Career as a Registered Nurse (RN), 19). Continuing education credits could be required in some states on regular bases (United States). Advancement Registered nurses most often start out as staff nurses in hospitals. The more experience the nurse acquires overtime, the more often the nurse will move to other departments or promoted to do jobs taking on more leadership roles and responsibility (United States). Registered nurses can advance from a head nurse to a senior-level nurse they are more of a director, vice president, chief of nursing and assistant director (United States). This job requires a graduate or an advancement degree in health services administration, and the administration program works with leadership, communication and excellent judgments (United States). If someone chose to advance in their nurse practice, there are four different advanced practice nurses to choose from they are: clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, nurse-midwife, and nurse practitioners (United States). When a nurse chooses one of the four types of advanced practice nurses, it requires a master’s degree (United States). New graduates should consider if they want to advance in their career when first applying for a job in order to ask the hiring team if there is room for advancement within the facility and the position they will be taking.

Urea Recycling in Ruminants

Urea Recycling in Ruminants Animals have a certain state of protein metabolism, varying from negative to positive protein balances. This balance level is influenced e.g. by the efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilization in animals. A simple strategy to increase the efficiency of N utilization is by reducing the N content in the feed converted to urea, for which a correlation of about r2=0.77 was found. However, this was mainly based on studies with mature or slow growing, small ruminants in which most of the absorbed N is converted to urea to maintain the N balance of the whole body close to zero (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). More recent and extensive data show much weaker correlations between N intake and urea production for growing sheep (r2=0.33) and cattle (r2=0.58). Moreover, this strategy is not always realizable due to minimal absolute N requirements in animal feed, especially for growing animals. In addition to N intake, the protein balance level is influenced by the efficiency of N recycling in animals, especially in ruminants. Nitrogen recycling takes place between blood and the digestive tract in the form of endogenous protein-N, secreted-N (e.g. enzymes in saliva) and urea-N (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008). In this chapter, the recycling of urea-N is explained. Amino acids and ammonia, which are absorbed from the digestive tract, are converted to urea in the liver. Urea (re)enters the digestive tract, mainly through the rumen wall, where it can be absorbed again or be (re)used for microbial protein synthesis and finally anabolic purposes. Amino acids and ammonia are absorbed into the portal bloodstream and converted into urea in the liver (ureagenesis). Urea can reenter the rumen, where it can be absorbed (again) or be used for microbial protein synthesis. Absorption of amino acids and ammonia Urea is the mammalian end-product of the amino acid metabolism. In the rumen, proteins are degraded into amino acids and finally into ammonia (NH3) by means of rumen fermentation (Shingu et al., 2007). Then, absorption of both amino acids and NH3 through the rumen wall and entrance into the portal circulation to the liver can take place (figure 3.1). The NH3 absorption depends on the pH and the ratio of NH3 to NH4 in the rumen (Siddons et al., 1985). Ureagenesis In the liver, detoxification of NH3 takes place, because urea is synthesized from the nitrogen (N) compound of both NH3 and amino acids (which appear in the portal circulation due to absorption from the intestine into the blood) (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). The synthesis of urea, called ureagenesis, takes place by means of the urea or ornithine cycle. This cycle of biochemical reactions occurs in many animals that produce urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3), mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in the kidney. The key compound is ornithine, which acts as a carrier on which the urea molecule is built up. At the end of the reaction sequence, urea is released by the hydrolysis of arginine, yielding ornithine to start the cycle again (Bender, 2008). Mitochondrial ammonia and cytosolic aspartate are precursors for the ornithine cycle (Van den Borne et al., 2006). The presence of arginine is needed to produce ornithine in the body, so higher levels of this amino acid should increase o rnithine production. Furthermore, ornithine, citrulline and arginine (all components of the ornithine cycle) seem to stimulate urea synthesis, with a concurrent decrease in plasma ammonia. Temporarily high ammonia fluxes seem to stimulate amino acid utilization for ureagenesis (Milano and Lobley, 2001). Urea is produced in the liver in greater amounts than which is eliminated in the urine. This is because urea from the liver is released to the blood circulation and then, next to excretion in the urine also is reabsorbed in the distal renal tubules, where it maintains an osmotic gradient for the reabsorption of water (Bender, 2008). Furthermore, urea from the blood can re-enter the digestive tract via saliva, secretions or directly across the rumen wall in the form of endogenous proteins or urea respectively (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001; Shingu et al., 2007; Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). Thus not all urea is secreted directly into the urine after entering the bloodstream. Entry into digestive tract Entry of urea into the digestive tract is, until certain concentrations (sheep: 6 mM (= 84 mg/L); cattle: 4 mM (= 56 mg/L) (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980; cattle: 80 mg/L (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978)) partly affected by plasma urea concentrations (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980). Above these concentrations, boundary layer effects with NH3 inhibit the urea entry into the digestive tract (Lapierre and Lobey, 2001). Urease activity is lower with increased NH3 concentrations and N intake (Marini et al., 2004). This inhibits the entry of urea into the digestive tract (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978). Thus high ammonia concentrations in the rumen result in a lower gut entry rate (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978; Bunting et al., 1989a). Urea, which flows from the blood into the rumen and enters the digestive tract, is hydrolyzed by bacterial urease to carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) (figure 3.1). NH3 can be either reabsorbed into the blood or be used as N source for microbial protein synthesis or microbial growth (Sarraseca et al., 1998; Shingu et al., 2007). This latter process may provide a mechanism for the salvage of urea-N into bacterial protein which can be digested and yields amino acids to the animal when they are absorbed in the lower parts of the digestive tract. Thus, urea nitrogen incorporated in microbial protein and possibly absorbed in the gut gets a second chance for absorption and deposition/anabolic purposes. Therefore, urea recycling can be regarded as a mechanism with positive effects at the protein balance of ruminants. Gut entry location and gut entry rate (GER) The gut entry rate (GER) of urea is simply the amount of urea N recycled into the digestive tract. The amount of urea which entered the digestive tract that can be used for anabolic purposes depends e.g. on the gut entry location (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Urea appears to enter all parts of the digestive tract, including via saliva and pancreatic juice, but with different rates. The GER could be influenced by the concentration gradient of urea between the plasma and the fluids in the digestive tract (Harmeyer and Martens, 1980). The concentration gradient is again dependent on the activity of ureolytic bacteria and could therefore be influenced by diverse bacteria-influencing compounds in the feed. Also, the presence of carrier mediated, facilitative urea transport mechanisms have been reported in the ovine colon and rumen epithelia (Ritzhaupt et al., 1997). The carrier mediated, facilitative urea transporters in the ovine colon and rumen epithelia permit bi-directional flows (Ritz haupt et al., 1997), and thus may the total gut entry rate (GER) be underestimated if urea molecules are reabsorbed without being metabolized (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Post-stomach tissues can greatly influence the (GER) (up to 70%), but their contribution to potential anabolic salvage of N is not certain. The majority of conversions of urea into anabolic compounds occur in the fore-stomach, mainly the rumen (Kennedy and Milligan, 1980). As summarized by Lapierre and Lobley (2001), in sheep, the part of the total gut urea entry (GER) transferred to the rumen varies from 27 to 60% (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978) and 27 to 54% (Siddons et al., 1985) depending on type of diet. This proportion seems to increase when animals get high levels of rumen-degradable energy in feed (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001; Theuer et al., 2002). Also saliva contributes to the total urea entry into the rumen, depending on the type of diet ingested. E.g. this proportion varies extensively from 15 (Kennedy and Milligan, 1978) to almost 100% (Norton et al., 1978) in sheep. It has been found in growing beef steers that forage diets, e.g. alfalfa hay, result in higher proportions of saliva entering the gut (36% of GER) (Taniguchi et al., 1995) compared to high concentrate diets (17% of GER) (Guerino et al., 1991). Thus the fore-stomachs are important for the anabolic salvage of N, however, this depends on the type of feed ingested (and animal species). Small intestine Also the small intestine contributes to the anabolic salvage of N. It has been found in sheep that 37 and 48% of the total GER of urea entered the small intestine in case of grass silage and dried grass, respectively (Siddons et al., 1985). However, the quantities of anabolic N formed may by small, e.g. because ammonia production seems to exceed urea entry across the small intestine, although this depends on the type of feed ingested (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Hindgut Likely most microbial protein synthesized from urea that enters the hindgut is excreted. All the evidence so far would suggest that hindgut usage of urea involves only catabolic fates, at least in terms of amino acids supply to the animal (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Fate of urea that enters the digestive tract Urea that enters the gut by means of saliva or flowing through the gut wall can be used for anabolic purposes or is transformed into ammonia and returned to the liver (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Much of the NH3 in the GI tract is reabsorbed and used in the liver for the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine, and then a variety of other nitrogenous compounds (Bender, 2008). Urea-N that entered the gut contributed for 33% of the rumen ammonia flux in sheep offered dried grass, while this percentage was lower in case of grass silage (Siddons et al., 1985). Lapierre and Lobley (2001), based on several references, summarized that sheep, dairy cows and growing steers have a efficient reuse of N because urea-N atoms can return to the gut on more than one occasion. This increases the overall probability of appropriation towards an anabolic fate. This multiple-recycling process can result in improvements of 22 to 49% of GER used for anabolic purposes in both cattle and sheep (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). A substantial proportion of urea that enters the digestive tract is returned to the body as ammonia in both sheep (32 to 52%; Sarreseca et al., 1998) and cattle (26 to 41%; Archibeque et al., 2001). This means that a large proportion of net ammonia absorption across the PDV is due to recycled N, rather than arising directly from ingested N. These anabolic and ca tabolic fates of urea then explain why net appearances of amino acid-N and ammonia across the PDV can equal or exceed apparent digestible-N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The net result of all these N transactions is that the apparent conversion of digestible N into net absorbed amino acid N can be high, with individual values of 27 to 279% calculated for both cattle and sheep. These efficiencies are lower (24 to 58%) when other inputs are considered, mainly the urea-N inflow into the rumen. Apparent digestible N represents the net available N to the animal and thus the amino acid absorption cannot normally exceed this unless other N sources like amino acids obtained due to catabolism (released on a net basis during submaintenance intake) or urea recycling. N recycling via the digestive tract increases the opportunity for catabolism N to be reconverted to an anabolic product. This recycling can be considered analogous to the synthesis and breakdown of proteins within tissues, where th e dynamic flow maintains metabolic fluidity with minimum loss (see figure †¦; Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). SUMMARIZED UREA RECYCLING KINETICS Thus, urea-N kinetics can, as an approximation, be considered as a mechanism, where hepatic synthesis is similar to digested N, with one-third lost via the kidneys into urine, while the remaining two-thirds is returned to the digestive tract. Half of this is then reconverted to anabolic N (mainly amino acids) that can be reabsorbed and used for productive purposes. Most of the remaining half of GER is reabsorbed as ammonia that is reconverted to urea and can be further re-partitioned between urinary loss and GER (see figure†¦). The process thus allows conversion of a catabolic products (urea-N) into anabolic forms, contains these for longer within the body, and provides the animal with increased opportunities to utilize products derived from dietary N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Figure†¦ Urea recycling: values in circles represent the fraction of hepatic ureagenesis destined either for urinary output or to gut entry rate (GER); values in rectangles represent the fractions of gut entry rate lost in feces, returned as ammonia to the hepatic ornithine cycle or converted to anabolic products (mainly amino acid N). Thus, on average, 33% of hepatic urea-N flux is eliminated in urine while 67% enters the various sites of the digestive tract. Of this latter N, 10% is lost in feces, 40% is reabsorbed directly as ammonia, while the remaining 50% is reabsorbed as anabolic-N sources (mainly AAs). Data are simplified means for steers, dairy cows and sheep (from Archibeque et al., 2001; Sarraseca et al., 1998; summarized by Lapierre and Lobley, 2001) Efficiency of N utilization In both cattle and sheep, the inefficient use of intake-N is associated with large ammonia absorption representing on average 0.46 and 0.47 of N available from the lumen of the gut (digestible N plus urea-N entry across the PDV) (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). As mentioned earlier, one strategy is to reduce the amount of N directed towards ammonia absorption and hepatic ureagenesis, but the situation is more complex than that. The target of reduction of ammonia absorption has to be integrated in a wider context where this decrease would result 1) from a smaller degradation of dietary N into the rumen or 2) from an increased utilization of rumen ammonia for microbial protein synthesis. Lowered N degradation can result from diet manipulation. Lapierre and Lobley (2001) summarized from several studies that cattle fed concentrate-based diets had decreased ammonia absorption, both in absolute amounts and relative to digested N, compared with forage rations. Increased utilization of N for bac terial synthesis can also be influenced by dietary manipulation, particularly provision of additional energy. From several studies, it can be concluded that supplements of rumen fermentable energy sources increase the transfer of urea into the rumen, and therefore the capture of dietary N and GER into anabolic products, mainly amino acids. However, there appear to be upper limits to the overall efficiency of the process (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The limited data available suggest that a maximum of 50 to 60% of dietary N, or 70 to 90% of apparently digested N, will be converted into amino acids released into the portal vein. Energy sources may also improve utilization of dietary and urea-N by less direct means, e.g. by energy-sparing effects within the cells of the gut tissues rather than alteration of rumen fermentation (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Intrarumen recycling Recycling of N can also occur within the rumen, due to the presence of proteolytic bacterial and protozoa. These graze and digest the rumen bacteria, increasing ammonia content and release within the rumen, and reducing microbial N outflow within the rumen because of increased recycling of bacteria (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Thus changes in the microbial population of the rumen can have substantial effect on anabolic N flow. Such modifications of the rumen microflora may contribute to the differences in N recycling and conversion to amino acids that occur between diets and animal species (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Amino acid supply In many circumstances, inefficiencies for conversion of feed N to animal protein may not be a feature of total amino acid supply, but rather depend more on the profile of absorbed amino acids. Hereby you can think of e.g. limiting essential amino acids. In short the definition of urea recycling is: the flow of urea from the blood into the digestive tract so that urea nitrogen salvage could happen. Figure †¦ Use of [15N15N] urea and isotopomer analysis of urinary [15N15N], [14N15N] and [14N14N] urea to quantify flows and fates of urea that enters the digestive tract. Part of the infused [15N15N]urea enters the digestive tract were it can be excreted in the faeces or is hydrolyzed to [15N]ammonia. This latter is either used by the microbial population to synthesize bacterial proteins ([15N]) or it is absorbed directly as [15N]ammonia. [15N]ammonia is removed by the liver were [15N14N]urea is formed. The ratio of [14N15N]:[14N14N]urea in the urine reflects the proportion of urea flux that is converted to ammonia in the digestive tract and returned directly to the hepatic ornithine cycle (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). The utilities of urea recycling Both ruminants and non-ruminants, including omnivores, have a mechanism in which urea produced by the liver can enter the intestinal tract and where it is used for microbial protein production or urea production. However, the amount of urea recycled in ruminants is in much larger proportions compared to non-ruminants, which emphasizes the importance of urea recycling in ruminants (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Next to reducing feed costs (due to the lower dietary N contents required), there are three important reasons to obtain a good and efficient urea recycling in ruminants (Huntington and Archibeque, 1999): Maximization of the microbial functioning in the rumen; Optimization of the amino acid supply to the host ruminant improvements of adaptation; Minimization of the negative effects of nitrogen excretion into the environment. Maximization of microbial functioning In ruminants, synthesis of urea by the liver can exceed apparent digestible N. This would result in a negative N balance (even at high intakes) if no salvage mechanism existed to recover some of this N (Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Recycling of urea synthesized in the liver can provide a substantial contribution to available N for the gut. Lapierre and Lobley (2001) summarized that this can increase the digestible N inflow from 43 to 85% in growing steers, 50 to 60% in dairy cows and 86 to 130% in growing sheep. Moreover, in veal calves shifts the major origin of absorbable amino acids in the small intestine after weaning from milk protein to microbial protein (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). With this, it is important to realize that a higher level of urea recycling results in a higher production of microbial protein. This protein source will be largely used for anabolic uses and performance which will result, on the long term, in improved production efficiency (Lapierre and Lobley, 200 1). What urea-N recycling does is to increase N transfers through the body to convert more of the N into anabolic form and thus acts as a conservation mechanism. Therefore, the combined inflows of dietary N and urea GER can be considered analogous to protein turnover within the body, where the anabolic and catabolic processes of synthesis and degradation greatly exceed inputs (intake) and outputs (oxidation and gain). This is believed to provide an overall plasticity to allow rapid response to any challenges or changes in metabolic status. Optimization of amino acid supply adaptation As a consequence of the salvage mechanism to recover some N, nitrogen and urea recycling in ruminants are important regarding the adaptation to different environmental (living) circumstances but mainly to nutritional conditions. Examples are periods of dietary protein deficiency or an asynchronous supply of carbohydrates and proteins (Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008). Ammonia and microbial protein produced in the gut and urea synthesized in the liver are major components in N-recycling transactions (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). An increase in the total urea flux, caused by the return to the ornithine cycle from the gut entry, is considered to serve as a labile N pool in the whole body to permit metabolic plasticity under a variety of physiological (productive), environmental and nutritional conditions (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009; Lapierre and Lobley, 2001). Therefore, ruminant species have different characteristics of their urea recycling due to different living conditions varying from tropical conditions with poor quality feed to intensive systems in temperate/cold conditions with high quality feed. High ambient temperatures seem to increase urea production but reduce urea gut entry (Obitsu and Taniguchi, 2009). Minimization of N excretion into the environment Finally, a more efficient urea recycling in ruminants results in a less urea-N excretion in the urine. This is will minimize the negative effects of nitrogen excretion into the environment (Huntington and Archibeque, 1999).

Forecasting Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

Forecasting Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Introduction This chapter introduces the background of time series and the importance of forecasting. The  motivation behind the project is elaborated and finally the aims and objectives are given. 1.1 Background Time series can be defined as a sequence of observations or measurements that are taken  at equally spaced timed interval (Xu, 2012). Hence, it is a stochastic process and can be  expressed as (Xu, 2012): x(t) = xi; i = 1; 2; :::;N: (1.1) Some examples of time series data include yearly profit, monthly recorded temperature,  hourly electrical consumption. Time series are classified into two categories mainly the stationary time series and  non stationary time series. Stationary time series consist of data which remain fixed irrespective  of the whereabouts. A stationary process is one where the mean, variance  and autocorrelation do not vary with time (Nau, 2014). For example, the financial stock  change of Mauritius remains constant in Mauritius as well as in any other place in the  world. Non stationary time series on the contrary involve data that keeps changing over  time. For instance, if we consider meteorological data of Mauritius, the data collected are  varied considerably from region to region as well as accordingly throughout the year. For  example, we have more rainfall over regions on the Central Plateau compared with the  coastal regions as demonstrated by Figure (1.1) which illustrates the variation of rainfall  collected for Mauritius over distinct regions from 1960 1990.while figure 1.2 shows theà ‚  difference in signal data between the two classes of time series. All meteorological data  including temperature, wind speed, solar irradiance irradiance, sea pressure and many  more weather parameters similar to rainfall have variations both in time and location. Hence, we can conclude that meteorological data are non stationary in nature. Figure 1.1: Distribution of rainfall for Mauritius for the year 1961-1990 Source:http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/maunc1/chap1/chapter1.htm Figure 1.2: Difference between stationary and non stationary series , Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationaryprocess Time series modeling is a vast field of research. The analysis of time series signals can  be extrapolated to meet demands of analytical results and predicting results in various  fields, such as : Economical Climatological Biological   Financial and others Due to its implementation in various fields, continuous research are been done in order to  design model for forecasting with better accuracy and efficiency. The behaviour of time  series is governed by four main aspects namely trend, seasonal variation, cyclic variation  and random variation (Xu, 2012). Trend of time series can be pictured as the evolution of  the series over time and hence gives the forthcoming pathway of the data. Hence, trend  analysis is very efficient in predicting extensive behaviour of data. Phonetically, a general  assumption in most time series techniques is that the data are stationary. Transformation  of non stationary to stationary is often done to manipulate the data for analysis. Forecasting is of high precedence in application of time series as it can predict future  events based on past events, specially when using in the field of limited resources. Forecasting  may be classified as a prediction, a projection or estimate of a future activity. In  fact, we have two types of forecasting methods namely qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative methods are non mathematical computations whereas quantitative methods  are rather objective methods based on mathematical computations. 1.2 Motivation We belong to a world of success in which one of the leading factor to success is our ability  to predict the result of our choices making all of us in a way or another forecasters. Climate consists of one of the major applications of forecasting. Over years, newer and  better models are been investigated so as to improve forecasting accuracy as much as  possible. Investigating weather parameters is highly necessary so as to be able to predict  weather situations which are required in various fields such as aviation, shipping,  oceanography and agriculture. Moreover, it is helps to evade weather hazards. Mauritius  has being confronted to drastic changes in weather conditions recently. We have  already a weather station which is deploying its best methods for weather forecasting  but is unable to predict accurately unexpected changes in weather, for example the recent  flash flood in March 2013 or one of the most worst drought that stroke Mauritius  in 2002. Therefore, in order to prevent further incidents or life taking calamities, it is of  high importance to have accurate and early predictive models in order to take preventive  measures to make sure that the population is safe well before such events occur. This  project comprises of investigating a different method for forecasting meteorological data. Throughout this project we will be dealing with time series models based of data which  has been collected over years and try to foresee future events based on the fundamentals  patterns confined within those data. The most commonly used forecasting model for time series was the Box Jenkins  models (ARIMA and ARMA models) (Peel et al., 2014). They are non-static models that  are beneficial in forecasting changes in a process. Many models have further been developed  among which is listed the Hilbert Huang Transform (Huang and Shen, 2005). Since climate data are of nonlinear and non-stationary nature, Hilbert Huang Transform  is capable of improving accuracy of forecast since most previous traditional methods  are designed for stationary data while this method is efficient in both cases. On the other  hand, recognizing all the advantages of Artificial Neural Network, it is of no surprise that  this methodology has gained so much interest in the this field of application. ANN have  proven to be more effective, compared to other traditional methods such as Box-Jenkins,  regression models or any other models (Khashei and Bijari, 2009) as a tool for forecasting. Both successful models mentioned however carries their own associated percentage  error. As a means to minimize error, both models can be combined to give rise to a new  hybrid model with better performance capabilities. 1.3 Aims And Objectives 1. In this project, the aim is to develop a combined model from two completely different  computational models for forecasting namely Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition  and Artificial Neural Network so as to improve accuracy of future  predictions of time series data. 2. EEMD will be adopted as the decomposition technique to obtain a set of Intrinsic  Mode Functions (IMF) and residual for meteorological time series data for Mauritius  signal while ANN will be the forecasting tool which will take as input parameters  the non obsolete IMFs. The results obtained will be compared with real data in  order evaluate the performance of the model. The idea is to reduce error associated  with each model when employed separately as both models possess their own skill  in determining trend in complex data. 3. Eventually, the model will be applied to forecast meteorological data mainly rainfall  from MMS and wind speed from studies conducted by fellow colleagues. 1.4 Structure of Report   1. Chapter 2 consists of a literature review on the models and their applications 2. Chapter 3 introduces Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and validate the  EMD model. 3. Chapter 4 introduces the Artificial Neural Network and validate the network. 4. Chapter 5 present the results from application of EEMD to meteorological data. The  EEMD-ANN hybrid model is also introduced and validate. Finally the following is  applied to rainfall and wind speed data. 5. Chapter 6 presents the conclusion and the future work.

Stalinization: Justifying the Terror :: Russian Russia History

Stalinization: Justifying the Terror No other nation has developed at a more fast and alarming rate than Russia under the control of Comrade Joseph Stalin. The 'Stalinization' of Communist Russia may have seemed brutal and unjust, however, many historians agree that many of Stalin's actions were completely necessary for Russia's industrialization. Some of the actions taken included the Five Year Plan for Industry, Five Year Plan for Agriculture, and rapid urbanization. These are the three most important aspects of transforming The Soviet Union into a world economic power. It was soon realized that Lenin's NEP (New Economic Policy) could not continue for much longer. It was granting Russian farmers to own they're own land and to sell they're produce for a profit. The NEP may have been effective for a short while to pull Russia out of her economic slump, but Marxist beliefs dictate that farms must be collectivized. This was the only way that the farms might be able to meet they're target for grain production (which had fallen short by nearly 7 million tons under the NEP). In light of this, Stalin introduced the new Five Year Plan of Agriculture. There was about 25 million plots of privately owned land that were too small to be effective for Grain production. So under the Agriculture Plan, the walls between these small holdings were knocked down and the farms were collectivized. This meant that land could be cultivated much more efficiently with the use of fertilizers, tractors, and other such machinery that otherwise could not be used in a small, privat e holding. Thousands fled the countryside in fear of collectivization to join newly built cities. This led to a rapid urbanization of cities such as Novosibirsk and Moscow, that were expecting to house little more than three million, instead found themselves having to support over six-and-a-half million people that were finding jobs in the industrial work force. This was, however, very hard on the living conditions of the Russian people in these cities. Many people found it hard to get work. Others, with the highest paying jobs, still, were forced to have they're families share one bedroom accommodations with one or two other families! With so many people in urban areas of Russia there were twice the amount of people working in the coal mines and drilling more oil wells. This in turn helped with Stalin's Five Year Plan for Industry.

Damn Near Everything There Is To Know About Cells: Essay -- essays res

Damn Near Everything There Is To Know About Cells: Biology Cell Report There are many parts of a cell, they all have specific duties, and are all needed to continue the life of the cell. Some cells exist as single-celled organisms that perform all of the organism's metabolism within a single cell. Such single-celled organisms are called unicellular. Other organisms are made up of many cells, with their cells specialized to perform distinct metabolic functions. One cell within an organism may be adapted for movement, while another cell carries out digestion. The individual cells no longer carry out all life functions, but rather depend on each other. Many-celled organisms are called multicellular. When a group of cells function together to perform an activity, they form a tissue. The cells of a human are organized into tissues such as muscle and nerve tissues. Plant tissues include those of the stem and root. Many cells in tissues are linked to each other at contact sites called cell junctions. Cell junctions help maintain differences in the internal environment between adjacent cells, help anchor cells together, and allow cells to communicate with one another by passing small molecules from one cell to another. Groups of two or more tissues that function together make up organs. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to carry out major life functions. Eukariotic Cell Structure: Boundaries and Control: Plasma Membrane - The plasma membrane is sometimes called the cell membrane, or the cellular membrane. It is the outermost part of the animal cell, and it's purpose is to enclose the cell, and change shape if needed. The cell membrane is capable of allowing materials to enter and exit the cell. Oxygen and nutrients enter, and waste products such as excess water leave. The plasma membrane helps maintain a chemical balance within the cell. Cell wall - The cell wall is an added boundary to the cell. It is relatively inflexible, and surrounds the plasma membrane. The cell wall is much thinker than the plasma membrane and is made of different substances in different organisms. The cells of plants, fungi, almost all bacteria, and some protists have cell walls. Animal cells have no cell walls. Plant cells contain cellulose molecules, which form fibers. This fibrous cellulose of plants provides the bulk of the fiber in our diets. Chitin, a nitr... ... pigments, molecules that give color. Structures for Support and Locomotion: The cytoskeleton is a network of thin, fibrous elements that act as a sort of scaffold to provide support for organelles. It also helps maintain cell shape in a manner similar to the way poles maintain the shape of a tent. The cytoskeleton is usually composed of microtubules and microfilaments. Microtubules are thin, hollow cylinders made of protein. Microfilaments are thin, solid protein fibers. Microtubules and microfilaments make up most of the sytoskeleton. Cilia - Cilia are only contained in some cells. They are short, numerous, hairlike projections out of the plasma membrane. Cilia tend to occur in large numbers on a cell's surface, and their beating activity is usually coordinated. Flagella - Flagella are longer projections that move with a whiplike motion. Cells that have flagella only have one or two per cell. In single-celled organisms, cilia and flagella are the major means of locomotion. Sperm cells of animals and some plants move by means of flagella. Organisms that contain many cells, including humans, have cilia that move fluids over a cell's surface, rather than moving the cell itself.

Alvin Ailey :: essays research papers

Every company has what is known as a â€Å"signature piece,† that is, a work which expresses something about the artistic direction and the spirit of the company. For the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater that piece is Revelations. Choreographed and set to traditional music, Revelations was first performed at the Ninety-second Street YM-YWHA New York, NY., January 31, 1960. The lead dancers were Joan Derby, Minnie Marhsall, Merle Derby, Dorene Richardson, Jay Fletcher, Nathaniel Horne, and Herman Howell and the soloists were Nancy Redi and Gene Hobgood. The music was performed by the Music Masters Guild Chorus of the Harlem Branch YMCA under the direction of Frank Thomas. The piece as originally performed consisted of danced portions and music interleudes grouped under three broad headings, â€Å"Pilgrim of Sorrow,† â€Å"That Love My Jesus Gives Me,† and â€Å"Move, Members, Move.† The work was revised extensively a month after its first performance and was agai n given at the Ninety-second Street YM-YWHA. Revelations has been seen in every country that the company has toured and has been universally acclaimed. Born in Rogers, Texas on January 5, 1931, Alvin Ailey spent his formative years going to Sunday School and participating in The Baptist Young People's Union. At age twelve, he moved to Los Angeles and, on a junior high school class trip to the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, fell in love with concert dance. Ailey began his formal dance training inspired by the performances of the Katherine Dunham Dance Company and the classes with Lester Horton that his friend, Carmen de Lavallade, urged him to take. Horton, the founder of the first racially integrated dance company in the US, was a catalyst for Ailey as the young dancer embarked on his professional career. After Horton's death in 1953, Ailey became the director of the Lester Horton Dance Theater and began to choreograph his own works. In New York, Ailey studied with many outstanding dance artists, including Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, Hanya Holm and Karel Shook, and took acting classes with Stella Adler. A versatile performer, Ailey won a number of acting roles while continuing to choreograph and dance professionally. In 1958, Ailey founded his own company, the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. During the Company's first decade, Ailey created approximately twenty new ballets, among them Hermit Songs and Reflections in D. These were followed by The River, The Lark Ascending, Love Songs and many others.

Traits of a Good leader

Today we live in a modern world where change is the only constant. We are surrounded by uncertainty in our daily lives, whether it is personal or professional. It is important to understand that a leader has to be comfortable dealing with uncertainty and change. First it is important to understand who a leader is. At the most basic level, a leader is someone who guides or leads other people. In more detail, a leader is a strong individual who has a vision or a purpose.He or she also has the skills and dedication required to see this vision through, guiding others to elieve in this vision and implementing the plan so that the desired result is achieved. The authors of Leading the Way look at seven angles or attitudes that make a successful leader. If these seven blocks are considered and improved, one is sure to be a more effective leader. According to Leading the Way, the two basic foundations of leadership are individuality and insight. It is vital to understand these before one can succeed at being a leader.Individuality is ones personal identity. Who you really are, what you stand for, that is individuality. When it comes to leaders, one who displays a strong ndividuality be being himself or herself is a powerful personality who will be looked upto. Individuality means bringing ones personal experiences, values and beliefs to the table (Leading the Way. 40). It is good for a leader to have his or her unique style and to follow the values he or she believes in. Personal experience is one of the greatest strengths of individuality. Every individual has his or wealth of unique experiences.When a leader is proud of his or her individuality and displays it openly he or she is sure to be more effective. I am trying to implement this is my personal aily life by dissecting my own values and trying to see what makes me unique. I have found that I am a very open person, direct and emotionally expressive. I let my emotions guide me. This is who I am as an individual an d has played a large part in my success as well as failures. Being emotionally expressive at work has helped my team understand my passion for my work that I love what I do and that has greatly benefitted me.It has a negative impact on my relationships, so I am working on controlling my emotions to reduce emotional outbursts. I am a firm believe that it is lways better to be yourself no matter what. Ralph Waldo Emerson summarizes thus concept of individuality beautifully in the form of this quote: â€Å"To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment†. The second foundation that is vital for a good leader is Insight. To the lay man, insight might simple mean understanding, or reexamining and then understanding.Leigh and Maynard break this down into three parts self awareness, understanding others, and seeing what is going on. In order to be insightful, one must be aware of imself or herself. Knowing your strengths as well as your flaws, seeing yourself and understanding who you really are is insight. A good leader is one who is completely aware of himself or herself, the positives and negatives. In order to be insightful, one her strengths, weaknesses? Really understanding others is a tough skill to master, but if a leader tries to understand his coworkers he will be more liked as well as a much more powerful leader.An insightful leader is also one who is aware of his surroundings and not Just looking, but â€Å"seeing† what is happening around him or her. I am trying to incorporate this in my daily life by questioning my own choices. I'm trying to understand why I do certain things, why I make certain decisions. Sitting down and thinking about my personal values, and the reasons why these are important to me has made me gain more insight into my own life. For example, I find that a value that is vital to me is trust.When I tried to understand why its so important and my number one val ue, I have realized that being let down in relationships has made me form trust issues. I am also trying harder to understand and appreciate others. Doing this is actually helping me strengthen relationships with loved ones. The next important leadership capability that Leigh and Maynard talk about is â€Å"initiate†. Being initiative means being proactive or action oriented. To initiate something is to start something or take the first step to begin something. This is a crucial quality that a good leader must possess.To take initiative the right way, one must put in a good deal of time and effort into researching the material, forming a way to approach it. Taking the required risks to begin something new, have the determination to follow it through. A good leader is a risk taker, but he or she is also ready to take responsibility for his or her actions. A good leader is willing to be held accountable for both failure as well as success. The leader often must be the one insti gating the task. He or she bears the major risk and should be ready to be accountable for it.Leadership is a powerful position, and as famous people have said â€Å"with great power comes great responsibility', this entails a leaders role too. In my everyday life, I am trying to take more initiative by taking on new tasks, and following through what I start. Sometimes a big mistake I make is procrastinating. Nowadays I am trying to begin and follow through my tasks. To take on new things, the results I am getting are a huge boost in my confidence. My coworker is also impressed that I am getting so much more done and asked me what my secret is!I have always been ready to face the results of my actions; so taking responsibility comes to me naturally. The fourth tool that a good leader should possess is the ability to engage and involve everyone to achieve the vision. A synonym for involve is to include. A good leader is an individual who engages his team, by empowering individuals. T he leader makes the individuals feel valued and important. He empowers the individuals through programs to develop their skills and through coaching and mentoring.The leader also receives constant feedback about himself or herself from people and improves his ways based on the criticism. When people feel important and included, then they are more motivated to deliver the best results. A good leader will work on engaging his employees. To incorporate this step into my daily life, I am trying to hear more opinions from people. Whether it was a team project I had for economics last eek where I was the team leader, I asked everyone for their ideas and we all worked together as a team. Respecting and gathering the opinions of others makes them energy to the task.Inspiration. It literally means to be motivated or moved emotionally to be creative and get a productive task done. A good leader is one who inspires people. An inspiring leader is one who taps into what really is his or her pers onal motivation and passion. He or she is passionate and expressive. The leader should have a clear larger than life vision, and be able to talk about this honestly. This vision should be omething that reaches people. People should believe in this vision and find the leader is genuine and passionate. Communication is also a crucial key to be inspiring.A good leader will have effective ways to communicate the vision and truly motivate people to believe in it and act on it. In my life, I am tapping into what own inspiration is. I find great sources of inspiration from quotes and success stories. I have started keeping a Journal of these inspiring thoughts and look at them when I need a push or motivation. â€Å"A good leader inspires others with confidence in him; a reat leader inspires them with confidence in themselves â€Å"- Anonymous. The sixth skill that a leader should possess is the ability to improvise.Improvising means being able to adapt. In an uncertain world, a leader s hould be able to face changes head on and adapt to them. To make things and situation work by compromising and improvising. A good leader needs to be flexible, as nothing is written in stone. In changing trying situations a leader has to be flexible and find a solution with the available resources. A leader has to be creative and innovative, to make things work along the way. When stuck in a challenging situation the leaders ability to be innovative and encouraging will define the success of the organization.In my daily life I find improvising difficult. When stuck with uncertainty, I am more focused on the problem than finding a solution. My goal is to try to improvise and work on finding solutions. Last week at work I had to file a report by the end of the day and my colleague called in sick. Normally I would have been worked up and focused on how tough it would be to accomplish this task alone. I tried to improvise by getting all the documentation done at work and then filing the report once I was ome so I could have it ready the next day.The seventh key to being a successful leader is the ability to implement plans. Implementation literally means putting into action. In order to implement, one must be action minded with a can-do attitude. A plan must be formed and the leader must follow it through with persistence and dedication. Feedback is an important aspect of implementing and a leader should encourage and give helpful feedback. The leader must also track the progress of the task and make sure that it is going smooth. Don't worry that people don't listen to you, but worry that they watch you.A leader should exhibit the model behavior that he or she receives from employees. The ability to implement and follow through is the only way to ensure success. I have started making sure that I follow through and complete any task I take on. I used to procrastinate a lot , but now I am trying on getting things done in a timely manner and also track the progress o f my tasks. An individual who wants to be the best possible leader should really work on improving these skills. Leadership is a way of life. A leader really makes a change and dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader. â€Å"

Intern for Contrabandit.com

For the past 10 hebdomads of the de activer 2004 quarter, Ive had the opportunity to work as medical intern for Contrabandit.com. Contrabandit ran by West Coast governmental and cultural editor of the Source Ryan crosswalk aims to provide an uninhabited function for the whack fellowship as well as inform most of the Minority readers of politics, kind and educational rude(a)s and cut backs that keep in the military personnel. As a History major, with my touch on in Film and Television journalism, Contrabandit has allowed me to pick up contemporary and cultural history by the medium of hip-hop music. I go outed at this internship as a starting storey to acquiring work beget and maybe advancing into working in spite of appearance the scene of action of pas condemnation journalism. more than(prenominal)over as an shady student at UCLA, Contrabandit has allowed me to chronicle impressions within blame as they happen and deem the broader historical significan ce as they occur. world an Afro-American student, I arrest hip-hop as not only plainly a musical theater art form, to a outstandinger extentover also as a voice and representation of an entire confederacy. Un homogeneous defy it attain and R&B, pat was a music musical genre truly formed out of the Afro-American community after the post-civil rights movement and rattling feels uncorrupted by mainstream pop culture, where it sets the tr residue, preferably of following the pack. When covering fire the medium of Hip-Hop music, I discovered how remote stretchability and expansive it has become and with my education at UCLA Ive been able to view hip-hop from intellectual approach.The main theme Ive noticed end-to-end my internship has been Hip-Hop musics growth and the changes that become of it as it has become an acceptable musical genre generating b laid up(predicate)ions of dollars for the arranging sedulousness studios. The three biggest new stories that I was ab le to cover were the Eminem-Michael capital of Mississippi con front manation, Russell Simmons Hip-Hop apex Action net incomes pre posturential elector registration campaign, and the knock-down-and-drag-out disaster that occurred at the palpitation Awards. On the draw near in that respect notwithstanding current events that essential to be covered to feel up space on the website, exactly with bitty probing they actually had far compass and historical impact on the website, Hip-Hop music and with me in developing my fine physical composition skills and applying historical analysis from my UCLA melodic line and history major.Jackson boots Eminem off disport (published October 12, 2004)That article resulted in an immediate peal call from my editor, as well as a lecture from him on the role and responsibility of a journalist. He proclaim my article was blatantly bias and that I was leading the reader to take unitary point of view or side on the issue, and my job preferably was to report the facts in a intelligence agency story. Which, as my editor ex printing stub outed to me, is something thats continues to occur since he beginning of entertainment, and its should not be allowed despite the fact Eminem suffices a very good living off of doing stark Music much standardized Elvis, save again, difference world, Elvis never insulted a African-American musical icon exchangeable Michael Jackson, like Eminem has. Im sure this issue leave be glanced over, much like the rock of the acquaint measures being made public by Hip-Hop magazine the Source, where what occurred was an investigating into why Eminem recorded these racist lyrics, but the Source was attacked for bringing this issue to the public.I must admit, bonnie looking on the surface of the controversy I was dissipated to pass judgment upon BET for what I saw as its hypocrisy by stating it would not air videos disrespectful of whatever celebrity. Considering thats how they made their notoriety during the whole vitamin E coast-west coast beef that universey put to the deaths of Tupac Shakur and Christopher Biggie Wallace. plainly my editor expressed to me that I needed take it into context on with Eminems previously uncovered studio recording where hes referring to African-American men as niggers and African-American women as black bitches in a derogatory manner, is not possible to permit this pass as artistic and elfin expression. Again hes shown disrespect to a community that he continues to make meg of dollars off of through doing their music, and can be argued is allowed to ticktock away with such offensive mien because he is a white. Not unspoilt with the African-American community, hes come under implode for his anti- frolicsome remarks from the Gay and Lesbian community, but continues to contract way with or at least not suffer all ill effects, whereas if a comparable black facility had d sensation similar offenses, they would fi nd it surd to maintain the type of celerity that Eminem enjoys. running(a) a considerableside Ryan with Contrabandit, I was able to view the controversy as larger than Eminem just poking fun and having a prank at Michael Jacksons expense, but greater historical, racial, and industry-wide peg that this cause. The chains of Eminem done up in grisly face and faceing Jackson as buffoon and monster pretend long term consequences upon not only his image but that of African-Americans as they tell one of their longest musical icons ridiculed in a way not only in person but racially offensive. And even to a greater extent classically with no consequences or business from Eminem.Russell Simmons HSAN proclaims 21 million registered youth/ nonage voters for 2004 election(published November 4, 2004)In the aftermath of the national presidential election, it brought into prospective the efforts of voter registration among young, minority voters. The day after the election, a press relea se went out from Russell Simmons Hip-Hop Summit Action Ne cardinalrk proclaiming that 21 million registered voters from 18-35 voted in the 2004 election, up from the 18 million that had voted in the 2000 election. Although thats encour senescent it was disappointing to exist that the voter registration campaign and seeingness of the importance of this Presidential election that lighten George chaparral was re-elected. But looking at the numbers and statistics shows a deeper issue and b new(prenominal) arising in America.Working with Contrabandit got me entrance to covering Russell Simmons Hip-Hop Summit Action Network fundraiser at the Beverly Hills Hotel. Co-sponsored by Sony Playstation, the fundraiser was an entertainment industry party to bring aw atomic number 18ness as well as funding to the agreement for needed increased minority voter registration and education. Despite their efforts, the hip-hop community that was being courted by Simmons HSAN paled in par to those of the voters in the Midwestern states. I forever and a day felt it was flawed to try to rile out to the hip-hop community as despite the growing numbers of minorities, who go away soon grow to be an to the highest degree equal number to the majority of clean Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) constituents, some of those minorities ar turning towards the conservative ideology. Also thither is no unity among this minority group. With more WASP senior citizens living longer, that agingConsidering that ultimately the Presidential election was dictated by the Midwest, as the democratic troupe hasnt carried southern states in days, where as atomic number 20 and New York (with a combined 86 electoral votes) atomic number 18 perennial Democratic strongholds. Interestingly, the Midwest won the election for Bush and to me it was a shame that the backlash of risible marriages and abortion (as reported by intelligence operation affiliates as the determining reason for voting for Bush ) were more important than the situation in Iraq, terrorism, and the turbulent economy. I never ask to question anyones beliefs or morals, but gay marriages and abortion should be an individuals choice.Most important to take from this election is hopefully maintaining the interest of registered voters beyond this Presidential election, as there are more issues that will trick up within the coming years forwards the 2008 election. In California on the ballot was the repealing of Proposition 187, the 3 strikes law. I take in the spirit of 3 strikes, incarcerating repeat fiery offenders from 25 to life sentence in jails, but continually in the years since passage as laws, umteen triad strike offenders have been non- gaga repeat offenders. or so argue the old adage dont empower the crime, wont do the time, but theres a bigger issue of privatized prisons making hundreds of millions of dollars off the incarceration of young prisoners and the prison system being made up of predom inately African-American and Latino men. Conservative republican fan creation are carrying the votes.Melee breaks out at the Vibe Awards(published November 17,2004)Lastly there was the violent altercation that occurred at the, the Vibe appoints On November 16. During the four hour taping inner the hangar at the Santa Monica Airport an casualty broke as Quincy Jones and Snoop Dogg were presenting an acquaint to Hip-Hop producer Dr. Dre. An unidentified man attacked Dr. Dre, who was later assaulted y several members of his suite and left him stabbed, later identified as rapper Young Buck by authorities. With the Vibe honours, it is yet another black eye on Hip-Hop as well as on black-themed award shows. The incident alone wont spell the end of Hip-Hop or these musical award shows, but my over all positioning is the necessity of these award shows.Within the entertainment industry its become a joke that there are too many awards shows. Yet when it comes to black themed award sho ws, they are usually relegated to lesser channels like UPN and BET, and more often than not are taped delayed events. Such events as the NAACP flesh Awards, BET Awards, Soul admit Awards and Soul Train Lady of Soul, Vibe Awards, and the Source Awards all fall into this category. And incidents like this further perpetuate the stereotypes of the safety issue that constantly trouble hip-hop events. surprisingly events like the Rock the Bells concerts a week earlier at Anaheim Stadium that I covered for Contrabandit(and the Source)doesnt garner the positive press as when chaos ensues at televised events. At that event, despite some illegal medicate use, the show went off without any violent altercation or incident, in front of a mostly respective(a) White, Latino, and Asiatic audience. Myself being the only amazed at this diversity and more so shows how far hip-hop music and their artist have developed with such a diverse crowd and the artist being so comfortable in front of them. But dealing with the coverage of black themed awards shows their two sides to the competition. Those that feel that its alright that the awards shows are tape delayed and marginally watched by non-blacks because its for Blacks and its outgo that we have a awards show tape delayed hence none at all. As a matter of fact, the NAACP dubs its one-year awards Black Americas answer to the Oscars, Emmys, Grammys, and Pulitzer, as it continues to recognise overlook performances by African-American entertainers that the mainstream Hollywood community pass over. But on the other hand there is the argument that by not being a live broadcast somehow relegates it as meaningless shows that dont really count.For starters, with most of the united States having access to the numerous channels open through cable and satellite boob tube, and at least 5-10 music themed channels, viewing music, movie house and television entertainers is a lot more accessible then in any era prior to the 1990s. B efore then, it was elevated being able to view entertainers out of doors of movies, therefore making movie and television award shows the only place to see them. Likewise for most, seeing their favorite musical artist perform live at awards show provided a free experience to catch them execute if they were unable to go to a concert to see them performing and this is remembering that MTV didnt debut till 25 years ago in 1981. But with the emergence of MTV, BET, VH1, and even E, it has provided a near 24 hour access to view these entertainers and even more so, know them beyond their music or the characters they portray on screen and films. Awards was more than just a shadow of honoring actors and musician, but that rare opportunity to view them live and has human.Speaking with my editor Ryan, he allowed me to go further with this topic and try to leave our readers some prospective and insight cornerstone awards show and why they exist. Working for the Source, he gave me some ins ide information intimately the motives behind events such as the Vibe, Source, BET, and blockbuster Awards shows MONEY By organizing one awards event for on night, the sponsorship and advertising for the event generates more money in one night then the magazines do for the entire year. up to now the awards presentations are staged, as more then likely the winner is determined by the artist that will appear, more than who deserves to win. When you look at the BET, Source, and Vibe awards, what they provide great revenue and backlash towards to the mainstream (white) award show are not able to decently honor the hip-hop artists that were annually disregarded for their work. Honestly for the most part the Grammys and American Music Awards do base their nomination, and Im sure, there awards recipient on mainstream success. But whereas the NAACP Image awards and Soul Train music awards were created to make up for these lack honors to Black performers, these proliferation of the othe r awards show, seems to be purely done as promotion.The experience that I take from my time working with Contrabandit, has been invaluable in applying the classroom knowledge I acquired from UCLA towards real world situations. Without the historical significance and ramification of events as they occurred and relating them to past events, I would not have been able to elaborate upon them in my writing for the website or convey the importance to my audience at the site.